Complications of Liver Disease

Click on the correct answer
1 Portal Hypertension is caused by:
Thrombosis & inflammation of the liver sinusoids.
Right-sided cardiac failure.
Cystic Fibrosis.
A & B.
All the above.
2 High pressure in the portal system:
Lowers the pressure in the gastrointestinal vasculature resulting in sagital sinus formation.
Causes collateral vessels to develop and become distended.
Is reflected in the lowered production of alpha-triponium by the liver.
B & C.
3 Ascites is:
The development of tortuous blood vessels in the lower esophagus.
The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity caused in part by the increased pressure in the portal system.
Caused by the high hydrostatic pressure of the portal system forcing water out of these vessels.
Secreted by the liver when portal pressure increases as a mechanism to maintain hepatocyte function.
B & C.
4 Large volumes of ascitic fluid can cause:
Respiratory distress due to displacement of the diaphragm.
The kidney to excrete more water and sodium.
Decreased capillary permeability which allows bacteria to invade the peritoneal cavity.
A & B.
5 As the pressure continues to climb in the portal system, blood is shunted around the hepatic system. As toxins continue to build within the body, one toxin in particular, ammonia, causes neurologic dysfunction. This complication of portal hypertension is known as:
Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Meningitis.
Frontal Lobe Paralysis.
Spinothalmic Ectopy.
6 Bleeding from esophageal varices often results in:
Melena.
Anemia.
Vomiting of blood.
All the above.
7 The mortality rate from bleeding esophageal varices is:
High, recurrent bleeds generally result in death within 1 year.
Low, medical treatment is usually successful in controlling portal hypertension.
High, these bleeds are always catastrophic and voluminous.
Low, mild anemia is generally the only residual problem.
8 Which type of jaundice is caused by an increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown:
Obstructive.
Hemolytic.
Hepatocellular.
B & C.
9 Fever, chills, & pain that accompany jaundice usually are indicative of:
Hemolytic anemia.
Hepatorenal syndrome.
Viral or bacterial inflammation of the liver.
Melena.
10 Oliguria seen in a patient with advanced liver disease:
Is the result of the ascites pooling in the peritoneal cavity.
Is thought to be the result of inappropriate constriction of the renal arterioles.
Generally is seen as a sign of improving liver function based upon medical intervention.
Is only a coincidence since the renal system and the liver are two entirely different systems within the body.