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| 1 |
Bacterial contamination of the urine
in a UTI usually occurs due to: |
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Undergrowth of normal flora. |
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Retrograde movement of gram negative bacilli. |
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Retrograde movement of gram positive organisms. |
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Congenital alterations of the urinary tract. |
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| 2 |
Populations at high risk for the
development of a UTI include: |
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Premature newborns and the elderly. |
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Sexually active young males and spermatocide users. |
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Prepubertal children. |
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A & C. |
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| 3 |
The low pH of urine and the presence
of urea provides: |
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A bactericidal effect. |
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A welcome climate for bacterial growth. |
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One of the first sign of a UTI. |
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B & C. |
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| 4 |
Advanced cystitis: |
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Can result in diffuse hemorrhages within the bladder mucosa. |
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Is more common in men. |
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May occur in combination with pyelonephritis or prostatitis. |
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A & C. |
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| 5 |
Clinical symptoms of cystitis may
include: |
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Frequency, urgency, & dysruia. |
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Low back pain and hematuria. |
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Cloudy urine and flank pain. |
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All the above. |
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| 6 |
A persistent form of non-bacterial
cystitis is: |
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Interstitial cystitis. |
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Prostatitis. |
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Gangrenous cystitis. |
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Tubercular. |
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| 7 |
Pyelonephritis: |
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Is an infection of the renal pelvis. |
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Is frequently caused by E.coli, Proteus, or Pseudomonas. |
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Produces an inflammatory process that is focal and irregular. |
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All the above. |
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| 8 |
In pregnant women, pyelonephritis is
thought to be caused by: |
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Neurologic impairment resulting in normal bladder
contraction. |
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Chronic reflux of urine up the ureter into the kidney. |
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Dilation and relaxation of the ureter due to the enlarged uterus. |
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Stasis of urine and entrapment of bacteria. |
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| 9 |
Specific symptoms of pyelonephritis
include: |
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Sudden onset of fever, chills, flank pain. |
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Dysuria, frequency, malaise. |
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Urine culture with antibody coated bacteria. |
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A & C |
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| 10 |
In pyelonephritis, the inflamed
medulla of the kidney can produce: |
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Renal failure. |
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Localized abscesses. |
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Glomerular atrophy. |
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Bladder spasms. |
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| 11 |
Chronic pyelonephritis: |
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Is generally seen in patients with obstructive pathology. |
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Is the same thing as chronic interstitial cystitis. |
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Rarely leads to renal failure. |
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Produces more acute symptomology. |
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| 12 |
In chronic pyelonephritis, the
urine: |
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Contains large amounts bacteria and white cells. |
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Contains small amounts of bacteria and white cells. |
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